{"id":1049,"date":"2022-04-11T15:08:31","date_gmt":"2022-04-11T13:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mosj.no\/indikator\/fauna\/marine-fauna\/bestanden-av-nordostarktisk-torsk\/"},"modified":"2025-04-01T13:46:09","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T11:46:09","slug":"stock-of-northeast-arctic-cod","status":"publish","type":"bc_indicator","link":"https:\/\/mosj.no\/en\/indikator\/fauna\/marine-fauna\/stock-of-northeast-arctic-cod\/","title":{"rendered":"Stock of Northeast Arctic cod in the Barents Sea"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-sizing-small\">Last updated 22 March 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sizing-medium\">The spawning stock of Northeast Arctic cod (<em>Gadus morhua<\/em>) is currently at a medium level. The Northeast Arctic cod is the largest cod stock in the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/mosj.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/x-mg-4988jpg-1439477693jpgpagespeedicz-psybdu4a.jpeg\" alt=\"Stock of northeast arctic cod\" class=\"wp-image-611\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mosj.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/x-mg-4988jpg-1439477693jpgpagespeedicz-psybdu4a.jpeg 1200w, https:\/\/mosj.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/x-mg-4988jpg-1439477693jpgpagespeedicz-psybdu4a-300x113.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/mosj.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/x-mg-4988jpg-1439477693jpgpagespeedicz-psybdu4a-1024x384.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/mosj.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/x-mg-4988jpg-1439477693jpgpagespeedicz-psybdu4a-768x288.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/mosj.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/x-mg-4988jpg-1439477693jpgpagespeedicz-psybdu4a-684x257.jpeg 684w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo: Stein \u00d8. Nilsen \/ Norwegian Polar Institute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-white-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-sizing-medium\">What is being monitored?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-mosj-yellow-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-mosj-yellow-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-sizing-medium\">Stock of Northeast Arctic cod in the Barents Sea<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wdt-wrapper-chart-loader\" data-id=\"174\"\n     style=\"height: 400px;\">\n    <div class=\"wdt-main-item\">\n                <div class=\"wdt-chart-animated-background\" style=\"height: 100px\">\n            <div 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wdt-chart-five\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-7\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-8\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wdt-chart-animated-background\" style=\"height: 100px\">\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-2\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-3\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-4\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-5\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-6\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-7\"><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker wdt-btn-divide-left-8\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"wdt-static-background\">\n            <div class=\"wdt-background-masker\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<style>\n    \n<\/style>    <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n        if (typeof (wpDataCharts) == 'undefined') wpDataCharts = {};\n        wpDataCharts[174] = {\n            render_data: {\"wdtNumberFormat\":\"1\",\"options\":{\"title\":{\"text\":\"Stock of Northeast Arctic cod in the Barents Sea\",\"floating\":false,\"align\":\"center\"},\"series\":[{\"type\":\"\",\"name\":\"Immature stock\",\"color\":\"\",\"label\":\"Immature 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(10\\u2076 kg)\"},\"crosshair\":false},\"subtitle\":{\"text\":\"\",\"align\":\"center\"},\"tooltip\":{\"enabled\":true,\"backgroundColor\":\"rgba(255,255,255,0.85)\",\"borderWidth\":\"1\",\"borderColor\":\"\",\"borderRadius\":3,\"shared\":true,\"valuePrefix\":\"\",\"valueSuffix\":\"\"},\"legend\":{\"enabled\":true,\"backgroundColor\":\"\",\"title\":{\"text\":\"\"},\"layout\":\"horizontal\",\"align\":\"center\",\"verticalAlign\":\"bottom\",\"borderWidth\":\"0\",\"borderColor\":\"\",\"borderRadius\":\"0\"},\"exporting\":{\"enabled\":true,\"chartOptions\":{\"plotOptions\":{\"series\":{\"dataLabels\":{\"enabled\":false}}}},\"filename\":\"\",\"width\":\"\",\"buttons\":{\"contextButton\":{\"align\":\"right\",\"verticalAlign\":\"top\",\"symbolStroke\":\"#666\",\"text\":\"\"}}},\"credits\":{\"enabled\":true,\"href\":\"\",\"text\":\"Data: Institute of Marine Research\"}},\"type\":\"highcharts_stacked_area_chart\",\"height\":400},\n            engine: \"highcharts\",\n            type: \"highcharts_stacked_area_chart\",\n            title: \"Stock of Northeast Arctic cod in the Barents Sea\",\n            container: \"wpDataChart_174\",\n            follow_filtering: 0,\n            wpdatatable_id: 176,\n            group_chart: 0        }\n    <\/script>\n\n    <div id=\"wpDataChart_174\" class=\"highcharts_stacked_area_chart\" style=\"width: 100%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sizing-mini\">The graph shows the estimated stock of Northeast Arctic cod.<br>(<em>Cite these data: Institute of Marine Research (2023). Stock of Northeast Arctic cod in the Barents Sea. Environmental monitoring of Svalbard and Jan Mayen (MOSJ). URL: https:\/\/mosj.no\/en\/fauna\/marine\/northeast-arctic-cod.html<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-pb-accordion-item c-accordion__item js-accordion-item no-js\" data-initially-open=\"false\" data-click-to-close=\"true\" data-auto-close=\"false\" data-scroll=\"false\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\"><h2 id=\"at-10491\" class=\"c-accordion__title js-accordion-controller\" role=\"button\">Details on these data<\/h2><div id=\"ac-10491\" class=\"c-accordion__content\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Last updated<\/strong><\/td><td>22 March 2024<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Update interval<\/strong><\/td><td>Yearly<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Next update<\/strong><\/td><td>March 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Commissioning organization<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.regjeringen.no\/en\/dep\/nfd\/id709\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fishery<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Executive organization<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hi.no\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Institute of Marine Research<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Contact persons<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hi.no\/en\/hi\/about-us\/employees\/gro-van-der-meeren\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gro van der Meeren<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Method<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sizing-medium\">The SAM (State-space Assessment Model, see Nielsen and Berg 2014), a standard method used by ICES, is used to calculate the size of the cod stock. In addition to the catch statistics (the number of fish caught in the various age groups), the calculations include 4 series of abundance indexes (relative measurements) from research cruises. The cruise indexes constitute the bottom trawl index from the Norwegian-Russian cruise in the Barents Sea in February, and a combination of the acoustic index from this cruise and the acoustic index from spawning stock investigations in the Lofoten area in March-April. The bottom trawl index from the Russian cruise in the Barents Sea in November\u2013December and from the Norwegian-Russian ecosystem cruise in August-September is also included. Cannibalism (the number of cod eaten by cod) is also included in the calculations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quality<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sizing-medium\">The cruise coverage varies between years, in particular the coverage of the Russian zone has been variable. This has probably contributed to an increased uncertainty in stock estimations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other metadata<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sizing-medium\"><a href=\"http:\/\/standardgraphs.ices.dk\/stockList.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) has databases with stock data.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Reference level and action level<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sizing-medium\">The reference level is the precautionary limit for the spawning stock: 460 000 tonnes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sizing-medium\">Action level for the spawning stock is: 460 000 tonnes.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Status and trend<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sizing-medium\">Both the total stock and the spawning stock have grown since 2006 and peaked in 2013. Since then, there has been a decline, but both the total stock and the spawning stock is still well above the long-term average for 1946-2020. The spawning stock in 2021 was estimated to be 900,000 tonnes. This is far above the action limit set by fisheries management. The spawning stock is important to ensure good recruitment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Causal factors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The size of the cod stock is influenced by natural conditions, like the sea temperature and the occurrence of predators, in addition to human impacts, where fishing is most important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The agreed quota for 2024 is 453,427 tonnes. This is identical to the advice from the bilateral Norwegian-Russian research group (JRN-AFWG), which is based on the revised catch rule for 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The total international catch in 2022 was 719,000 tonnes, and the Norwegian catch was 310,000 tonnes. The fishery in 2022 was considered sustainable. Russian catches are roughly at the same level as Norwegian catches. Other cod fishing nations are the Faroe Islands, Great Britain, Spain, Iceland, Greenland, Germany, France, Poland, Portugal, Belarus and Estonia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sizing-medium\">About 70% of the annual catch is caught by bottom trawls, the rest with nets, lines, seine nets and jigging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Consequences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sizing-medium\">In its recommendation concerning the quota for 2024, JRN-AFWG classified the stock as having good reproductive capacity and being harvested sustainably. The size of the spawning stock has been above the precautionary level since 2002. Fishing mortality has been substantially reduced from well above the critical level in 1999 to below the precautionary level from and including 2008 to 2017. In recent years, it has increased again and in 2022 was well above the precautionary level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sizing-medium\">Low fishing pressure has helped to keep the stock at a high level, and additionally, good access to food and relatively high temperatures have contributed to several years of good stocks of cod and haddock in the Barents Sea. However, recruitment to the stocks, especially for cod, has been below average in recent years, and this is the most important reason for the stock decline. The reason for the poor recruitment is not known.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In previous years, an increase in temperature has given the fish a larger habitat and better access to food. But in recent years, the distribution area in the Barents Sea has been reduced. This is due to both lower sea temperatures and a decline in the stock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About the monitoring<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sizing-medium\">The indicator aims at presenting the size of the spawning stock of Northeast Arctic cod in the Barents Sea over time. The stock is monitored by Norwegian (www.imr.no) and Russian (www.pinro.ru) institutes of marine research. The estimations of spawning stock size are conducted once every year, and is based on historical catch data and data from research cruises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-sizing-medium\">Norwegian and Russian institutes of marine research contributes through the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), giving advices to the Norwegian-Russian Fishery Commission on management of the stock of Northeast Arctic cod in the Barents Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-light-grey-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Places and areas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/placenames.npolar.no\/stadnamn\/Barentshavet?ident=737&amp;lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Barents Sea<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-light-grey-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Relations to other monitoring<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-sizing-medium\">Monitoring programme<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Advisory Group on Monitoring (Overv\u00e5kingsgruppen)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-sizing-medium\">International environmental agreements<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ices.dk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jointfish.com\/eng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">JointFish \u2013 The Joint Russian-Norwegian Fisheries Commission<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-sizing-medium\">Voluntary international cooperation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-sizing-medium\">Related monitoring<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Further reading<a href=\"https:\/\/mosj.no\/en\/fauna\/marine\/zooplankton-species-composition.html#refs\"><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-light-grey-background-color has-background\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-sizing-medium\">Links<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-sizing-medium\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.miljostatus.no\/tema\/hav-og-kyst\/barentshavet\/miljotilstanden-i-barentshavet\/fiskebestander\/nordostarktisk-torsk-i-barentshavet\/nordostarktisk-torsk-i-barentshavet\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/miljostatus.miljodirektoratet.no\/tema\/hav-og-kyst\/havindikatorer\/barentshavet\/fiskebestander\/nordostarktisk-torsk-i-barentshavet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">About the spawning population of Northeast Arctic cod in the Barents Sea&nbsp;<em>(in Norwegian)<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.miljostatus.no\/tema\/hav-og-kyst\/barentshavet\/miljotilstanden-i-barentshavet\/fiskebestander\/nordostarktisk-torsk-i-barentshavet\/nordostarktisk-torsk-i-barentshavet\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hi.no\/en\/hi\/temasider\/species\/cod--northeast-arctic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">About Northeast Arctic cod<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-sizing-medium\">Publications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Darby, C.S., &amp; Flatman, S. (1994).Virtual Population Analysis: version 3.1 (Windows\/DOS) user guide, Ministry of Agriculture, fisheries and food, Directorate of Fisheries Research, Lowestoft, 1994.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fr\u00f8ysa, K. G., Bogstad, B., &amp; Skagen, D. W. (2002). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0165783601003071\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fleksibest\u2014an age\u2013length structured fish stock assessment model.<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Fisheries Research<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>55<\/em>(1-3), 87-101. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-7836(01)00307-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-7836(01)00307-1<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ICES (2002).&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ices.dk\/iceswork\/wgdetailacfm.asp?wg=AFWG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Report of the Arctic Fisheries Working Group, ICES Headquarters 16-25 April 2002.<\/a>&nbsp;ICES CM 2002\/ACFM:18.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jakobsen, T., Korsbrekke, K., Mehl, S. &amp; Nakken, O. (1997). Norwegian combined acoustic and bottom trawl surveys for demersal fish in the Barents Sea during winter. ICES CM 1997\/Y: 17, 26 pp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mehl, S., &amp; Yaragina, N. A. (1992). Methods and results in the joint PINRO-IMR stomach sampling program. In: Bogstad, B. &amp; Tjelmeland, S. (eds.), Interrelations between fish populations in the Barents Sea. Proceedings of the fifth PINRO-IMR Symposium. Murmansk, 12\u201316 August 1991. Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway, 5\u201316.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":611,"parent":1024,"menu_order":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-1049","bc_indicator","type-bc_indicator","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mosj.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bc_indicator\/1049","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mosj.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bc_indicator"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mosj.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/bc_indicator"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mosj.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bc_indicator\/1049\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63671,"href":"https:\/\/mosj.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bc_indicator\/1049\/revisions\/63671"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mosj.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bc_indicator\/1024"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mosj.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/611"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mosj.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1049"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}